COTTON TEXTILE INDUSTRY
WHAT IS STATUS OF COTTON TEXTILE INDUSTRY?
- India has a world monopoly in cotton textiles, since almost 1500 BC.
- Modern mills started during Industrial Revolution and British rule.
- India is second in global textile manufacturing and cotton production.
- 100% FDI is allowed via automatic route in the textile sector.
- It is the quickest-growing segment of the textile industry.
- Around 4.5 crore people are employed in India's textile industry.
- In 2018-19, industry contributed 2% to GDP, 12% to exports.
WHAT ARE THE FACTORS INFLUENCING LOCATION AND DISTRIBUTION?
- Concentrated in the regions of raw cotton production.
- Over 90% of the industry is in the western peninsula and the Great Plains.
- Market is the second important factor, is in the tropics and sub-tropics areas.
- It is concentrated in areas with cheap skilled labours.
- Cheap and efficient transportation.
- Abundant power and fresh water.
WHERE IS IT DISTRIBUTED IN INDIA?
- Mills can be found in over 80 Indian towns and cities of various states.
- Maharashtra, Gujarat, West Bengal, and Uttar Pradesh have the highest concentration.
- Maharashtra
- 39.38 % India's mill cloth.
- Mumbai has 63 mills out of 122.
- Mumbai, known as India's Cottonpolis.
- World's second-largest producer.
- 33% of the country's mill cloth.
- Ahmedabad has 73 mills out of 118.
- Due to presence of Coal for electricity.
- Abundant cheap labour.
- Important cities - Gwalior, Ujjain, Indore, Jabalpur and Bhopal.
- Major producer of South.
- 6% of India's mill cloth.
- Coimbatore known as the Manchester of South India,
- It also has 200 mills out 439.
- The majority of cotton textile industry is in the western part of the state.
- Kanpur is known as Uttar Pradesh's Manchester.
- It has emerged as the country's leading cotton producer.
- BT cotton introduced there.
- Major centres - Amritsar and Ludhiana.
- Andhra Pradesh, Kerala Bihar, Haryana etc.