SOIL
WHAT IS SOIL?
- It is a mixture of small rock particles and organic materials
- It develops on the earth and support growth of plants.
WHAT IS SOIL?
- Soil is composed of four elements:
- Parent material
- Organic matter
- Air
- Water
WHAT IS SOIL PROFILE?
- It is vertical cross-section of the soil.
- It is made up of layers parallel to the surface of Earth.
- Each layer of soil has a different texture and known as the Horizon.
WHAT ARE THE FEATURES OF VARIOUS HORIZONS?
1. Horizon A
- It is the topmost layer.
- It has organic materials the minerals, nutrients and water
- It is necessary for the growth of plants.
2. Horizon B
- This zone has great minerals and small humus.
- It is a Subsoil between Horizon A and Horizon C.
3. Horizon C
- It is composed of weathered and decomposed rock.
- This layer is the first stage in the soil formation.
WHAT ARE SOIL TYPES IN INDIA?
ICAR has classified soils into 8 categories.
- Alluvial Soil
- Black Cotton Soil
- Red Soil
- Laterite Soil
- Mountainous Soils
- Desert Soil
- Saline and Alkaline Soil
- Peaty and Marshy Soil