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UNITED NATION SECURITY COUNCIL (UNSC)

Chahal's Gyan Ki Baat

INDEX

REFERENCE WITH UPSC-CSE SYLLABUS

  • WHY IN NEWS
  • PM MODI FIVE BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR MARITIME SECURITY
  • ABOUT UNITED NATION
  • BACKGROUND OF UNITED NATIO
  • FOUR PURPOSES
  • ORGANS OF UNITED NATION
  • KEY POINTS
  • ROLE OF SECURITY COUNCIL
  • CHALLENGES
  • CONCLUSION
  • EXPECTED PRELIMS QUESTIONS

PREVIOUS YEARS MAINS QUESTION (2015)

REFERENCE WITH UPSC-CSE SYLLABUS

  • General Studies-II
  • Important International Institutions, agencies and fora - their Structure, Mandate.

WHY IN NEWS

  • Prime Minister Modi was presiding over the UN Security Council debate on 'Enhancing Maritime Security — A Case for International Cooperation.
  • The rotating Presidency of the United Nations Security Council for the month of August taking over from France, India assumed.

PM MODI FIVE BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR MARITIME SECURITY

For maritime security,PM Modi put forth five basic basic principles:

  1. As to establish legitimate trade, free maritime trade sans barriers.
  2. Peaceful Settlement of maritime disputes and on the basis of international law only.
  3. Encourage responsible maritime connectivity.
  4. Maritime threats posed by non-state actors and natural calamities need to be collectively combat it.
  5. Preserve maritime environment and maritime resources.

ABOUT UNITED NATION

  • Six main organs of the United Nations, including the Security Council, established by the United Nations Charter.
  • Primary tasks includes continuing international peace and security to the Security Council, which may meet whenever peace is threatened.

BACKGROUND OF UNITED NATION

  • First session of the Security Council was held on 17 January 1946 at Church House, Westminster, and London.
  • The Security Council has taken permanent residence at the United Nations Headquarters in New York City.
  • In Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, in 1972, in Panama City, Panama, and in Geneva, Switzerland, in 1990, it has travelled to many cities and have hold session.
  • The Security Council can meet at any time as the need arises so a representative of each of its members must be present at all times at UN Headquarters.

FOUR PURPOSES

United Nations has four purposes, according to its Charter:

  1. Maintaining international peace and security.
  2. Developing friendly relations among nations.
  3. Cooperating to solve international problems and in promoting respect for human rights.
  4. Centre for harmonizing the actions of nations.

ORGANS OF UNITED NATION

  1. The General Assembly.
  2. The Trusteeship Council.
  3. The Economic and Social Council.
  4. The International Court of Justice.
  5. The Secretariat.
  6. The Security Council

KEY POINTS

  • For the month of August 2021, India assumed the presidency of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC).
  • 2 year tenure as a non-permanent member of the UNSC in January 2021 india began.
  • As a non-permanent member of the Security Council it will be the country’s first presidency during its 2021-22 tenure.
  • One vote to each member of the Security Council.
  • By an affirmative vote of nine members including the concurring votes of the permanent member’s decisions of the Security Council on matters are made.
  • The passage of the resolution is block by a No vote from one of the five permanent members.
  • A permanent seat in UNSC has been advocated by India.
  • India has contributions to UN activities especially to UN peacekeeping operations and various other activities wherever possible.
  • To accept and carry out the decisions of the Security Council, all members of the United Nations agree to it.
  • Only the Security Council has the power to make decisions that member states are then obligated to implement under the Charter, while other organs of the United Nations make recommendations to member states.

Headquarter

  • New York.

Members

  • The UNSC composed of 5 permanent and 10 non-permanent.

Permanent members of united nation security council

  1. United Kingdom
  2. United States
  3. China
  4. France
  5. Russia

Ten non-permanent members

  • For two-year terms the General Assembly elected them.
  • The General Assembly elects five non-permanent members (out of ten in total) for a two-year term, each year.
  • On a regional basis the ten non-permanent seats are distributed.
  • Every month among its 15 members the council's presidency is a capacity that rotates.

ROLE OF SECURITY COUNCIL

  • Primary duty for the preservation of international peace and security.
  • It has 15 Members, and each Member has one vote.
  • All Member States are obligated to obey with Council decisions, under United Nations Charter.
  • Existence of a threat to the peace or act of aggression the Security Council determine it.
  • To settle a dispute by peaceful means and recommends methods of adjustment or terms of settlement.
  • It can imposing sanctions or even authorize the use of force to maintain/restore international peace and security, according to situation.

data from un.org

CHALLENGES

Following reform of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) are required:

  • Why only 5 permanent members?
  • Membership category.
  • Five permanent members veto power.
  • Representation regional wise.
  • Working methods of it.

CONCLUSION

  • After the terror of World War II United Nations was born. It’s primarily goal was of maintaining world peace and saving innocent souls from the evils of war by making policies and having good coordination among nation.
  • But even since its existence united nation has act as a puppet of the developed world and failed to address the underdeveloped countries problems.
  • Once in a century global crisis like the coronavirus UN has failed to respond effectively.
  • US walked out of the World Health Organization and China blocked a discussion on the origin and sources of the pandemic has made united nation a joke in dealing with the global crisis.
  • Cold blooded people at the United Nation need to focus on security, development and human rights, all have to be interlinked and then a global policy has to be frame that is going to benefit the coming generation.

EXPECTED PRELIMS QUESTIONS

Q1. Consider the following statement

(a) The UNSC is composed of 5 permanent and 10 non-permanent.

(b) Headquarter of united nation is at Geneva.

Which of the following statement is correct?

(1) a only

(2) b only 

(3) Both a and b

(4) Neither a nor b

SOLUTION

STATEMENT A is correct because the UNSC is composed of 5 permanent and 10 non-permanent.

STATEMENT B is incorrect because Headquarter of united nation is at NewYork.

 

Q2. Which of the following are the organs of united nation

  1. The General Assembly.
  2. The Trusteeship Council.
  3. The Economic and Social Council.
  4. The International Court of Justice.

Which of the following statement is correct?

(1) 1

(2) 1,2

(3) 1,2,3

(4) 1,2 3, 4

SOLUTION

ORGANS OF UNITED NATION

The General Assembly, the Trusteeship Council, the Economic and Social Council, the International Court of Justice, the Secretariat.

 

Q3. Which of the following are the Permanent members of united nation security council

  1. United Kingdom
  2. United States
  3. China
  4. Germany
  5. Russia

Which of the following statement is correct?

(1) 2,3,4,5

(2) 1,2,3,4 

(3) 1,2,3,5

(4) 1,2,3,4,5

SOLUTION

Permanent members of united nation security council

United Kingdom, United States, China, France, Russia

PREVIOUS YEARS MAINS QUESTION (2015)

Q1. Discuss the impediments India is facing in its pursuit of a permanent seat in UN Security Council.

Sources used:

The Hindu,The Indian Express, British Broadcasting Corporation News, Press Trust of India, Business Standard, The Economic Times