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USA-CHINA-TAIWAN STAND OFF

Chahal's Gyan Ki Baat

USA-CHINA-TAIWAN STAND OFF

INDEX

REFERENCE WITH UPSC-CSE SYLLABUS

WHY IN NEWS

BACKGROUND

WHAT IS TAIWAN

CHINA TAIWAN RELATION

CHINA STAND ON TAIWAN

TAIWAN STAND ON CHINA

USA STAND ON THE ISSUE

INDIA STAND ON THE ISSUE

POSSIBLE OUTCOME DUE TO THE ONGOING TENSION

CHALLENGES

CONCLUSION

EXPECTED PRELIMS QUESTIONS

EXPECTED MAINS QUESTION 

REFERENCE WITH UPSC-CSE SYLLABU

  • General Studies-II
  • India and its Neighborhood- Relations.
  • Bilateral, Regional, and Global Groupings and Agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests.

WHY IN NEWS

  • Recent reports suggest Chinese can take advantage of the on going crisis of afghanistan and is eying Taiwan with a possible threats of invasion.

BACKGROUND

  • From 1683 to 1895, Taiwan was administered by China's Qing dynasty.
  • Lots of migrants staring coming from china during 17th Century due to turmoil in the region.
  • The Qing government had to surrender Taiwan to Japan, after Japan won the First Sino-Japanese War in 1895.
  • Japan give up control of territory it had taken from China and surrendered after second world war.
  • With the support of the US and UK, The Republic of China began ruling Taiwan.
  • Mao Zedong's Communist armies beat Chiang Kai-shek's troops when a civil war broke out in few year later.
  • In 1949, after civil war some people of Kuomintang (KMT) government and Chiang fled to Taiwan and China and Taiwan were separated.
  • They were only 14% of the population, but they end up building up 1.5m people, dominated Taiwan's politics for many years.
  • Chiang rule was dictatorship but Chiang's son, Chiang Ching-kuo, began allowing a process of democratisation.
  • Later constitutional changes were made by president Lee Teng-hui, known as Taiwan's "father of democracy".
  • Chen Shui-bian, first non-KMT president, was elected in 2000.
  • Chen Shui-bian was succeeded by Ma Ying-jeou.
  • In 2016 and again in 2020 Tsai Ing-wen was elected as president (currently also).

WHAT IS TAIWAN

  • Because of China most counties don’t take a proper stand on Taiwan.
  • Many countries feel Taiwan is confusion and confusion is Taiwan.
  • China claim Taiwan as part of its territory.
  • But Taiwan say it is a sovereign state.
  • It claim to have its own constitution , elected- leaders , troops.
  • Around 20 million plus people lives in taiwan.
  • With 15 countries ,38 intergovernmental organizations and their subsidiary bodies, including Asian Development Bank , the World Trade Organization, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation and Central American Bank for Economic Integration, the ROC (Taiwan) government has relation.
  • It is not a member of united nation.
  • IT hardware, chip manufacture etc, is Taiwan strength.

CHINA TAIWAN RELATION

  • Reports of talks between two sides (unofficial) but china claim taiwan is illegitimate, so government-to-government meetings couldn't happen.
  • More than $60bn investment already been done by Taiwanese companies in china.
  • Between China and Taiwan relations improve in the 1980s.
  • One country, Two systems formula was given by china to taiwan for reunification of china.
  • Taiwan, rejected the offer.
  • But investment in China, and rules on visits were relaxed.

CHINA STAND ON TAIWAN

  • China claims, One China policy makes Taiwan a province of China.
  • Anti-secession law was passed by china in 2005 which says China's right to use non-peaceful means against Taiwan if it tried to separate from China.
  • In 2018 China threated to block international companies and said they will stop doing business with them if they not list Taiwan as a part of China on their websites.
  • National security law in Hong Kong in 2020 implemented by china shows its aggresion in claiming taiwan.

TAIWAN STAND ON CHINA

  • DPP(Democratic Progressive Party) favours independence for Taiwan.
  • Other group the KMT (the Kuomintang party) wants re-unification.
  • Chen Shui-bian was succeeded by Ma Ying-jeou.
  • Later in 2016 and again in 2020 Tsai Ing-wen was elected as president (currently also).
  • She is from the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), which support official independence from China.
  • In 2014 Sunflower Movement, parliament occupied by students and activists, protesting against what they called China's growing influence over Taiwan.
  • Opinion poll in March 2021 says people want a independent country.

USA STAND ON THE ISSUE

  • If China attack Taiwan then USA will defend Taiwan as part of the Taiwan Relations Act (TRA) 1979.
  • USA has said its commitment to Taiwan is "rock solid".
  • USA support Taiwan and supply them with defensive weapons.

INDIA STAND ON THE ISSUE

  • Taiwan and Tibet as part of China, has been accepted by india.
  • India believes in One China policy, but says China should also believe in a One India policy.
  • Since 1995 No formal diplomatic relations between India and Taiwan.
  • Representative offices in each other’s capitals, both sides have maintained.

POSSIBLE OUTCOME DUE TO THE ONGOING TENSION

  • China can attack Taiwan and take over.
  • USA can help Taiwan attain independence so that Taiwan can be a Independent country.
  • A new group can emerge due to the ongoing tension and they can become the next taliban.
  • Pakistan can plant seeds of terrorism there and use it against india.

CHALLENGES

  • Currently Indian approach is defensive because they know any advance step toward Taiwan is going to get sharp reactions from Beijing, but india’s need to change this approach.
  • China will use force for unification with Taiwan, we all must work to prevent it.

CONCLUSION              

  • India need to break the Chinese Prism and look Taiwan differently, as a Independent country.
  • What a independent state need to be Taiwan has all of the characteristics of it.
  • Taiwan can be added in the Quad group (usa, australia, japan, india) and we can fight for their independence in it.
  • People in Taiwan say they are Taiwanese, rather than Chinese.
  • These words are the voices of their heart, ignoring them can have catastrophic end.

EXPECTED PRELIMS QUESTIONS

Q1. Consider the following statement regarding Taiwan

(a) It is a landlocked country

(b) It is a member of United Nation

Which of the following statement is correct?

(1) a only

(2) b only 

(3) Both a and b

(4) Neither a nor b

SOLUTION

STATEMENT A is in incorrect because it is not a landlocked country.

STATEMENT B is incorrect because it is not a member of united nation.

 

Q2. Which of the following statement is correct

    1. IT hardware, chip manufacture etc, is Taiwan strength.
    1. If China attack Taiwan then USA will defend Taiwan as part of the Taiwan Relations Act (TRA) 1979.

SOLUTION

STATEMENT A is correct IT hardware, chip manufacture etc, is Taiwan strength.

STATEMENT B is correct if China attack Taiwan then USA will defend Taiwan as part of the Taiwan Relations Act (TRA) 1979.

 

Q3. Consider the following statement Taiwan

    1. Around 200 million plus people lives in Taiwan.
    1. China claims, One China policy makes Taiwan a province of China.

Which of the following statement is incorrect?

(1) a only

(2) b only 

(3) Both a and b

(4) Neither a nor b

SOLUTION

STATEMENT A is incorrect because Around 20 million plus people lives in taiwan.

STATEMENT B is correct because China claims, One China policy makes Taiwan a province of China.

 

EXPECTED MAINS QUESTION

Q1. Discuss the significance of Taiwan in south east asia region and its impact in indo-china relation.

Sources used:

The Hindu,The Indian Express, British Broadcasting Corporation News, Press Trust of India, Business Standard, The Economic Times